Born out of the Scandinavian collective systems design movement, the cooperative design movement continues to place an emphasis on involving those affected by technical decisions in the decision-making process, but the emphasis is place less on expanding workplace democracy and rather on more pragmatic goals of maintaining a tool perspective and to design by doing. Indeed, the agenda of design as political agenda is scaled back as when Grønbæk, 1991 (p.47) claims, "conflicts cannot be dealt with or resolved by experimental design".

One of the chief methodologies of this design school is cooperative prototyping, inspired by the UTOPIA project.

References

• Greenbaum, Kyng, 1991