Bødker, S., & K.Grønbaek (1991). Design in Action: From Prototyping by Demonstration to Cooperative Prototyping. In J. Greenbaum, & M. Kyng (Eds.), Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems (pp. 197-218). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. (edit)

The authors have described a cooperative prototyping approach, which involves users in the system design and development process. They successfully applied this technique in two different work-settings to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach and how the active users participation can facilitate designers to address technical issues as well as to apply their creativity according to the changing needs of the users and future system for an application domain. Authors compared the traditional prototyping approaches with the cooperative prototyping approach to emphasize the end-users involvement in the early stages of the system design. However, in conclusion of this article they clarified that the cooperative prototyping is not the only means of achieving an ultimate design product rather the system requirements keep on changing with time and users perspectives about the system at that particular instant. Hence, the system's evaluation techniques and approaches need to be tailored according to the particular situation. -- Asma Siddique (2004)